Search results for "De facto standard"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Survey of Cyber Threats in Air Traffic Control and Aircraft Communications Systems
2018
Air traffic control systems based on the ADS-B standard have been widely adopted in civil aviation to the point that they are now considered the de facto standard. ADS-B provides major benefits to airports and airlines by increasing the safety of air traffic management and control and allowing more flights to travel near busy airports. However, the ADS-B technology lacks sufficient security measures. The ADS-B system is vulnerable and exposed to cyberattacks. We survey the potential known threats and attacks against ADS-B and assess the potential cybersecurity threats to air traffic management and control. The widespread use of ADS-B and the lack of security features in it, i.e., all the AD…
Deriving Enhanced Universal Dependencies from a Hybrid Dependency-Constituency Treebank
2018
The treebanks provided by the Universal Dependencies (UD) initiative are a state-of-the-art resource for cross-lingual and monolingual syntax-based linguistic studies, as well as for multilingual dependency parsing. Creating a UD treebank for a language helps further the UD initiative by providing an important dataset for research and natural language processing in that language. In this paper, we describe how we created a UD treebank for Latvian, and how we obtained both the basic and enhanced UD representations from the data in Latvian Treebank which is annotated according to a hybrid dependency-constituency grammar model. The hybrid model was inspired by Lucien Tesniere’s dependency gram…
Scientific Merits and Analytical Challenges of Tree‐Ring Densitometry
2019
X-ray microdensitometry on annually resolved tree-ring samples has gained an exceptional position in last-millennium paleoclimatology through the maximum latewood density (MXD) parameter, but also increasingly through other density parameters. For 50 years, X-ray based measurement techniques have been the de facto standard. However, studies report offsets in the mean levels for MXD measurements derived from different laboratories, indicating challenges of accuracy and precision. Moreover, reflected visible light-based techniques are becoming increasingly popular, and wood anatomical techniques are emerging as a potentially powerful pathway to extract density information at the highest resol…
Distance Functions, Clustering Algorithms and Microarray Data Analysis
2010
Distance functions are a fundamental ingredient of classification and clustering procedures, and this holds true also in the particular case of microarray data. In the general data mining and classification literature, functions such as Euclidean distance or Pearson correlation have gained their status of de facto standards thanks to a considerable amount of experimental validation. For microarray data, the issue of which distance function works best has been investigated, but no final conclusion has been reached. The aim of this extended abstract is to shed further light on that issue. Indeed, we present an experimental study, involving several distances, assessing (a) their intrinsic sepa…
Touchless Interfaces For Public Displays
2016
Public displays have lately become ubiquitous thanks to the decreasing cost of such technology and public policies supporting the development of smart cities. Depending on form factor, those displays might use touchless gestural interfaces that therefore are becoming more often the subject of public and private research. In this paper, we focus on touchless interactions with situated public displays, and introduce a pilot study on comparing two interfaces: an interface based on the Microsoft Human Interface Guidelines (HIG), a de facto standard in the field, and a novel interface, designed by us. Differently from the HIG-based one, our interface displays an avatar, which does not require an…
Not just BLAST nt: WGS database joins the party
2019
AbstractSince its introduction in 1990 and with over 50k citations, the NCBI BLAST family has been an essential tool of in silico molecular biology. The BLAST nt database, based on the traditional divisions of GenBank, has been the default and most comprehensive database for nucleotide BLAST searches and for taxonomic classification software in metagenomics. Here we argue that this is no longer the case. Currently, the NCBI WGS database contains one billion reads (almost five times more than GenBank), and with 4.4 trillion nucleotides, WGS has about 14 times more nucleotides than GenBank. This ratio is growing with time. We advocate a change in the database paradigm in taxonomic classificat…
Wireless Sensor Network Operating System Design Rules Based on Real-World Deployment Survey
2013
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been a widely researched field since the beginning of the 21st century. The field is already maturing, and TinyOS has established itself as the de facto standard WSN Operating System (OS). However, the WSN researcher community is still active in building more flexible, efficient and user-friendly WSN operating systems. Often, WSN OS design is based either on practical requirements of a particular research project or research group's needs or on theoretical assumptions spread in the WSN community. The goal of this paper is to propose WSN OS design rules that are based on a thorough survey of 40 WSN deployments. The survey unveils trends of WSN applic…